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Sunday, February 3, 2013

Andrew Jackson


Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 to June 8, 1845) was the seventh President of the United States, serving from 1829 to 1837. Sometimes nicknamed "Old Hickory" Jackson was the first president not born an aristocrat. Andrew Jackson Scotch-Irish parents, Andrew Jackson, Sr. (c. 1730 - February 1767) and Elizabeth "Betty" Hutchinson (c. 1740 - November 1781), who emigrated to the United States of Carrickfergus, Northern Ireland Contemporary in 1765.There is a controversy over his birthplace. Although he stated he was born in South Carolina, he could do it for political purposes. Both places are more likely to Waxhaw, North Carolina, and Lancaster, South Carolina, which are very close. The border between the states had not yet been paid at the time of his birth. During the War of Jackson and his brother Robert joined the army as Continental mail. At one point, were taken into captivity, and when they refused to shine boots of one of his captors, the officer attacked with a sword, wounding Jackson hand and forehead. Together with the scars of the accident, the British hatred for life. The boys took the smallpox during this period, while Jackson survived, Robert succumbed to the disease. These hard experience hard to explain, sometimes violent Jackson. When abused, is not opposed to the decision to issue firearms.Jackson remained in the army and prospered. E 'became a national hero after his victory over the English at the Battle of the 1815 New Orleans. Then he made war and war Creek Seminole, Florida invasion and became the military governor in 1819, after being released in the United States, Spain Adams-Onis Treaty.During the presidential election of 1824, Jackson won more popular votes and electoral any other candidate, but has not received an absolute majority. Election went to the House of Representatives, which elected John Quincy Adams as President.Jackson believes the election of 1824 was stolen and the people is ignored. Jackson and his followers were furious and immediately began a campaign for the next elections in 1828. Jackson defeated Adams by an overwhelming majority, and took the presidency in 1829.Jackson won the election in 1828.
Jackson modest background and reputation as a national hero, helped win the election in 1828. Great article also helped. Many western farmers and people of the city have argued. Many people have seen the rise in Jackson inspiring stories. It was the first U.S. president who was not from an aristocratic family of Virginia and Massachusetts, and the first in the west. For this reason, Jackson was considered a "friend of the common man" and "the president of the people." Victoria Jackson was considered a triumph for the common man. Elections of 1828, however, was the One of the most negative of the time. Partisans Adams regularly raised Rachel Robards Jackson marriage. During the marriage, Rachel was divorcing. She and Jackson married only to discover that her divorce from her first husband n ' was not final. They broke up briefly until the divorce was finalized and were legally married shortly after. Gossip spread during the election campaign, and he told me that Jackson blamed for the death of Rachel Adams immediately after the election. Jackson never forgave Adams.
The influence of JacksonJackson was the first U.S. president who came from outside the circle of revolutionary origin. Washington, Adams, Jefferson and Madison were personalities of the war for independence and the formation of the Constitution of the United States. James Monroe fought in the War of Independence. John Quincy Adams was the son of John Adams. Jackson election represents a break with the past. Jackson was a general in the War of 1812 and fought with traders and other commonfolk. He was considered a "man of the people." It was the first election in which many states allow landless people to vote, and vote for Jackson.Jackson recalled the establishment of the production system, or patronage in American politics. After his election to the presidency, a significant number of people with federal agencies found that they were suddenly replaced by supporters of Jackson, who has worked to ensure his election. Jackson saw this system as the promotion of democracy, people have increasingly involved in politics. This practice survived in political circles in the United States so far. In addition, Jackson government pressure to lower the voting requirements for the expansion of democracy.Opposition to the National Bank of JacksonAs President, Jackson worked to dismantle the Second Bank of the United States. Original bank of the United States was introduced in 1791 by Alexander Hamilton as a way to finance the organization of the federal government. It is the first bank expired in 1811. It was followed by a second bank authorized by James Madison in 1816 to facilitate the economic problems caused by the war of 1812. Both banks have played an important role in the growth of the U.S. economy, but Jackson opposed the concept for ideological reasons. According to Jackson, the Bank should be abolished, because - unconstitutionalfocuses too much financial strength of the nation.
He exposed the government to control by foreign interests
 exercised too much control over members of Congress
 serves the northeast of the South and West (now Midwest) states Jackson opposed the bank seems to be a strong personal dislike for their president, Nicholas Biddle.Jackson followed Jefferson as a supporter of the ideal of an agrarian republic, and felt the Bank improved the lot of the high-end range of commercial and industrial entrepreneurs at the expense of farmers and workers. After a titanic struggle Jackson succeeded in destroying the Bank by vetoing its renewal Congress 1832. It was a Pyrrhic victory, however, depending on the bank loans of money were transferred to the legions of local banks and the state that have arisen, and commercial progress of the national economy has been considerably dented. U.S. Senate condemned Jackson March 27, 1834 for his actions in the charge against the Bank of the United States.Another notable crisis crisis has been the mandate of its benefits (or branch of the crisis), 1828-1832, which merged issues of struggles and disagreements section on commercial rates. High tariffs (tariff "abomination") in total imports were seen by many in the colony of South unfairly favors traders and industrial North over those who have bought property subject to rights, in particular the Southern planters. The issue came to a head when Vice President John C. Calhoun, South Carolina exposition and protest in 1832, supported the claim of his home state of South Carolina, who had the right to "cancel" - outlaw - the customs legislation in 1828, and more generally state law to invalidate laws that went against its interests. Although Jackson sympathized with the discussion of the interpretation rates South, was also a strong supporter of federalism (in the sense of supporting a strong alliance with the extensive powers of the central government) and tried to face down Calhoun a question which has become a strong rivalry between the two men. Particularly famous was an incident April 13, 1829 Jefferson Day dinner with a toast after dinner. Jackson rose first and toast, "Our Federal Union: it must be preserved!" Explicit call Calhoun. Calhoun said toast "Union: next to our liberty, most dear," returned surprisingly intelligent.The crisis was resolved in 1833 with a compromise that, due to a significant reduction in costs, has made it clear that the central government feels weak in the struggle with the opposition is determined by each state.The Indian Removal Act in 1830Jackson was responsible for the kidnapping infamous Indian Act in 1830 and the Trail of Tears, in violation unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.In 1829, U.S. demand for land due to population growth and the discovery of gold on Cherokee land has led to pressure on Indian lands. In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act that Jackson signed into law. The law was successfully challenged in the Cherokee Nation in 1832, the Supreme Court, Worcester against Georgia. Despite the decision of the Supreme Court, Jackson took no action in support of the decision, and in fact openly challenge was quoted as saying: "John Marshall has made the decision, apply now!" That the court has no executive power to enforce its decisions, ignoring the executive Jackson Court noted when the judicial branch of government has been very low.State of Georgia held two lotteries land in 1835 to divide the territory Cherokee, and Jackson sent military support to oust the indigenous population. This has led to what is now known as the "Trail of Tears", which killed about four thousand Cherokee (25%). Other members of the Five Civilized Tribes were taken in the same period, Seminole, Choctaw, Chickasaw and Creek. This included most of the southern states, including Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina and especially Florida, where fierce fighting led by Osceola met Zachary Taylor, who will use his reputation as a "fighting Indian "being elected president 12.New home was in India, which became Oklahoma. Andrew Jackson was a strong supporter of the law of Indian removal. He went at once when living. He felt that his policy? Just and liberal? and allow Native Americans to preserve their way of life. Even after the appeal to the Supreme Court Cherokee, Jackson continued to force the Caribbean, without a court order.

AttemptThe January 30, 1835 Jackson failed attack occurred in the United States Capitol. It was the first attempt by the President of the United States. While Jackson went to the funeral, a mental patient named Richard Lawrence approached him and fired a pistol at close range. Gun failed, and before anyone could react, Laurent took another gun and also misfired. Instead of running or hiding, President Jackson continued to beat people over the head with a stick. Attempts to release in 20 years has become very popular because it shows the aging president boldly before the aggressor.Jackson familyMichael Jackson's wife Rachel died shortly before he took office, President. She divorced her first husband, Colonel Lewis Robards, but there were some questions about the legitimacy of divorce, and has never been accepted in good company. Jackson deeply resented attacks on his wife's honor, he killed a man in a duel for insulting his wife May 30, 1806. Jackson was also wounded in the duel, and the ball was so close to the heart, can not be removed. This makes him a great pain for the rest of his life. His only son was the adopted son, Andrea. In  his will, Jackson left his granddaughter a few slaves, his two grandchildren, all slaves and his daughter-in-law of four slaves, one of whom had bought for her and the other three were domestic workers.

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